Malaria arch-criminal or coming from the gorilla The mosquito is the main media

Malaria arch-criminal or coming from the gorilla The mosquito is the main media
Malaria arch-criminal or coming from the gorilla The mosquito is the main media
News reason arises recently, the researchers of organizations such as British kingdom Institute of Technology,etc. say on new American Science, media of malaria - -The mosquito is making a variation fast, this will bring the trouble to malaria prevention and control, because perhaps invalid to another kind of mosquito to the prevention and cure means that a kind of mosquito among them is effective. Medical circle statistics show, more than one hundred million people are infected with malaria every year in the whole world, the mosquito is the main media that malaria propagates. Through what kind of method does that mosquito deal with malaria? What kind of enlightenment will this bring to mankind? Mosquito important link that malaria propagate, if you want to eliminate malaria, study mosquito carry news through to the end while being essential the mosquito transmits malaria, a lot of people know. But who knows again, will the mosquito which is infected with malaria die? Only some mosquitoes will utilize one's own immune system, to resist the infringement of malaria. Such immune way in the mosquito of the scientist is very curious, recently, researchers claim, have already found how mosquitoes utilizes the immune system to overcome plasmodiums (cause the pathogenic microbe of malaria) . Researchers say, this discovery may help the mankind to prevent the spread of malaria. The human immune system will produce different immunoreaction to different pathogenic microbe, for example immunoreaction and immunoreactive difference to the bacterial infection to the virus are very great, even " Blood relationship " The close virus is infected, the antibody produced will be various too, influenza is a very obvious example. But the operation way of insect's immune system is not for the particular threat to adopt corresponding immunoreaction, but demonstrate a kind of response to all outside threats. In fact, this kind of response is very effective, direct against malaria at least, most mosquitoes can resist the infection of plasmodium effectively. How does the mosquito settle plasmodiums? The scientists demonstrate the strong interest to the secret among them, they have designed a very interesting experiment to announce the mechanism among them. According to Science, lie in shellfish of U.S.A. Maryland State Sá ez reach national anaphylaxis and the intersection of infectious disease and Janney of media biologist Sri Lankan,et al., Rodrigo of Sri Lankan, of research institute of city use, contain plasmodium Mouse's blood feeds two groups of mosquitoes. A group of mosquitoes do not interfere, called the group A, they have been infected with malaria naturally, and another group of mosquitoes, called the group B, the ambient temperature lived in is relatively high, make plasmodium unable to grow (certainly, it is unable to survive that the temperature will not be up to the mosquito) ,So this group of mosquitoes are not infected with malaria. Seven days later, researchers raise the blood of mouse which infect plasmodium for two groups of mosquitoes again, found finally, the group A mosquito killed the relative group B of ability of plasmodium strongly and appeared ten times, and compared with first experiment, it is few much to counted and influenced to count with sexual reproduction activity group A mosquito's death. It is introduced, in the immune system of the mosquito, there is an important " weapon " --A cell. When a cell finds that there is outside foreign matter in mosquito's blood, they will take action, either attend to everything personally and kill foreign matter, or send out signals, shift other cells to finish this task. And the research group finds: Compared with group B mosquito, a cell in group A mosquito's body counts 2 times higher. Why did a cell increase? The research group suspects the function that is a intestinal bacterium, because plasmodium will weaken the intestines wall of the mosquito, this will cause the intestinal bacterium to enter body. Say in media biologists, Palestinian lira Sri Lankan of Carolina of cooperator who study thesis are solemn, the intestinal bacterium has appeared in the position without intestinal bacterium of script, this may induce the organism to produce more a cells. In order to examine their conjecture, researchers have repeated experimentally, but raise antibiotic that can eliminate the intestinal bacterium for mosquitoes. This time, a cell of the group A mosquito is counted and has not increased, its death counts and similar to group B too. "In fact, group A mosquito's indirect effect of probably forming when when the immune system prevents bacteria at the wrong position of immunoreaction to plasmodium. " Say in Palestinian lira Sri Lankan is solemn. This kind of conjecture has provided the thinking of a kind of new vaccine for researcher: Utilize the intestinal bacterium to design a kind of malaria vaccine for the mosquito, prevent the mosquito from being infected with malaria, thus cut off the spread of malaria. The intersection of mosquito and serum (remove a cell among them already) to infect plasmodium they Inject in the normal mosquito's body. The research group claims: Inject the mosquito after serum, behind raising the blood of mouse which is infected with malaria, its infection rate obviously drops. Say, there may be a kind of factor in serum, this kind of factor can stimulate the production of a cell in Palestinian lira Sri Lankan is solemn. If can model these kind of factor, spray to the mosquito, can make the mosquito have immunity to plasmodium, avoid being infected with malaria, no longer become carrying the intermediary of plasmodium, thus cut off the spread of malaria. The intersection of Hopkin and the intersection of Sri Lankan and Marcelo of media biologist the intersection of Jacob and the intersection of Sri Lankan and Lorena of university, John of city, Baltimore of Maryland State, comment: "The mosquito is the important links that malaria propagates, if we want to eliminate malaria through the mosquito, it is extremely important to study mosquitoes. " (according to Science websites) ----It is chained that relevant - ---The genetic switch creates and defends some scientists in U.S.A. of malaria mosquito through designing a gene on mosquito recently " The switch " Way,succeed in "create " It has mosquito which defends malaria ability that one appears, it is expected to make millions of people avoid the perplexing of this kind of disease. This research is published in U.S.A. " The public science library " Periodical at. Such special genetic organization that the scientists researched and developed can impel it to produce a kind of response that can eliminate malaria continuously, thereby reach and defend malaria ability. It is reported, about 250 million people are attacked by plasmodium initiating malaria every year at present. The scientist regards plasmodium as and studies the focus this time, this kind of parasite's Akt gene on one's body is regarded as the goal of studying. Research shows before, Akt gene will exert an influence on the life-span, immune system and digestion power of the mosquito, and this will all influence the factor of mosquito's sensitiveness to malaria. The scientist explains, not every mosquito will infect malaria, only the female anopheles will carry the pathogen, and generally will pass malaria to the mankind by old age. For this reason, the scientist inserts a kind of new gene in mosquito's body to accelerate " Akt " The activity of enzyme, and " Akt " Enzyme can strengthen immunity of the mosquito, resist the malaria parasite. Such new gene can also shorten the life-span of the mosquito, reduce its infecting rate. The scientist claims, the experiment reveals, the mosquito who inserted new gene has all lost ability to infect malaria. How does warmer climate influence cold-blooded animals such as mosquitoes,etc.'s supersession the global warming influences malaria of mosquito's supersession to transmit the estimation for the first time of scientist hard to predict of the consequence in the world . These animals rely on the external temperature to adjust their supersession. ? The treadle-operated tilt hammer for hulling rice? This research on Nature published on the 7th of 0 months says, the influence on metabolizing of the temperature is non-linear, its impact on warm area is greater than the impact on cold area. Though the intensification of the tropical area is relatively slow in speed up until now, these areas will face the enormous change of the supersession rate of the cold-blooded animal. And these changes behave on smaller animal stronger, this means mosquitoes may be one of the animals influenced much. But does not know disease (such as malaria) that it may transmit to the mosquito yet Produce some influence. Researchers infer, more warm function on malaria of temperature is treble: Higher supersession rate reduces incubation period, as offspring's mosquito hatches more frequently, this will increase mosquito's quantity; Long warm period might let to enliven time to be long mosquito; And the supersession rate of plasmodium may increase, and will cause mosquitoes to carry more plasmodiums. The effect of these temperature may increase the potentiality that tropical regional malaria infects to combine together. But other factors may mean the increase of this kind of supersession rate reduce malaria instead. For example, other resources can utilize one degree of growth which limit mosquito's population, or they may be at all unable to maintain higher supersession rate. Researchers say: "They may exhaust oneself. " Malaria alliance (MalariaConsortium) Prevention from suffering from the diseases technologists TarekegnAbeku reputable say though at east African plateau,etc. the temperature changes short-terms of areas last malaria travelling rate, we do not know how slow intensification influence this kind of disease. He says: "On the whole, the long-term effect is not very clear. " A researcher PaulParham of Britain Grantham climatic change research institute says, as adding these new discoveries to existing disease and propagating at time in models, " the little change of supersession rate may propagate and produce very great influence on disease " . The malaria arch-criminal may come from gorilla's research in the past early clearly, malaria was caused by people's plasmodium. But is plasmodium where do come from? The latest research that is published on British Nature on September 22 shows, cause plasmodium that people suffered from malaria to come from the gorilla at first, instead of the chimpanzee. Research group of the Kazakhstan kindness of researcher of American University of Alabama at Birmingham Beatrice, have collected about 2700 wild gorillas, excrement and urine of the chimpanzee and Wo's chimpanzee in U.S.A., Africa, Europe, to finding after the genome analysis of plasmodium in the excrement and urine, only transmitting more general plasmodium in the human society at present and " western gorilla " The relation between a kind of plasmodium's blood reason in the excrement and urine is very close, and is relatively far with the plasmodium relation in the chimpanzee and excrement and urine of Wo's chimpanzee. Western gorilla first inferior kind of gorilla, main activity is in Central Africa and west African. Gorilla's variation more than human plasmodium of genetic mutation that plasmodium takes place in the body, this mean gorilla may belong to plasmodium" The cistern " --Human plasmodium's arrogant orangutan of source. Malaria is by the gorilla " Jump " Until the mankind is once " Spread singly " Incident. That is to say, plasmodium from gorilla is before the human society spreads extensively, have only infected someone or some a few people. The outstanding law of evolutionary biologist Daniel of London University institute is auspicious to think, utilize the corresponding pathogenic gene in plasmodium's genome, can develop effective vaccine, the mankind may present the dawn while overcoming malaria. But some is studied to brief on, other plasmodium's mutations spread the mankind through other ways. So, this result needs more research to prove. (reporter Yuan ZhiYong compiles)


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